Risks involved in the export of Goods
Risks involved in the export of Goods In an international sales contract, the Seller, Buyer, carrier and underwriter are all subject to risks in their relationships with each other. These…
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Contract of Sale
Contract of Sale A contract of sale is a legal vehicle that binds a Seller and a Buyer in international trade. It is an important document as without it, it…
International Trade
International Trade A sound knowledge of various points, such as an international sales contract, the purpose and relevance of the international commercial terms (Incoterms), common methods of payment in international…
A Demurrage Issue
A Demurrage Issue This case highlights a demurrage time bar dispute between Waterfront Shipping Company Ltd (the ship owner) and Trafigura AG (the charterer). The facts of this case are:…
A Deadfreight dispute
A Deadfreight dispute This case study highlights a case involving ‘deadfreight’ as negotiated in an amended Asbatankvoy form for the carriage of gas oil or unleaded mogas for eight voyages.…
Multi modal Transport Act
Multi modal Transport Act As you are aware, Containerised Trade has changed the way in which the general cargo has been handled for a long time in Shipping Industry. It…
Damage analysis
Damage analysis Actions taken in the event of incidents or damages reflect their significance during the analysis of the incident. Where the nature of the damage cannot be assessed by…
Handling of claims and disputes
Handling of claims and disputes CLAIMS & DISPUTESSHIP CLAIMSWhere a member of a P&I club, e.g. a shipowner, makes any claim against his club, the first $5 million will be…
COGSA
COGSA THE INDIAN CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT, 1925(As amended in the year 2000)Below is an EXTRACT from the ACT. 1. Short title and extent –(1) This Act may…
Rotterdam Rules
Rotterdam Rules United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea -New York, 2008 (the "Rotterdam Rules")Adopted by the General Assembly on 11…
Hamburg Rules
Hamburg Rules The first of the international conventions on the carriage of goods by sea was the Hague Rules of 1924 and this was favouring the Ship Owners /Operators. In…
Hague-Visby Rule
Hague-Visby Rules International convention for the unification of certain rules relating to bills of lading 1924 (HAGUE RULE) as amended by Protocol 1968 (HAGUE-VISBY RULES) and as amended in 1979.India…